Building on our 2021 Ditchley Conference “Space: The New Space Race and its Intersection with Power, the Rules-based Order and the Economy”, our workshop will explore the potential and challenges of applying artificial intelligence to analyse Earth observation data. We will explore the ways in which AI is accelerating our ability to extract insights from satellite imagery for various purposes. The group will critically examine the associated governance concerns, including data privacy, security, and potential misuse, particularly in the context of the AI Act. The second point for discussion would be how to find a balance between national security considerations and the need for transparency and responsible AI development.